Air quality is an essential component of our health and well-being. Yet, for many, air pollution remains an invisible threat—one we can neither see nor smell but that affects our bodies and environment profoundly.
Let’s take a closer look at some of the most significant public health concerns related to air pollution: Particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Each of these pollutants impacts human health differently, but all pose serious risks to respiratory, cardiovascular, and overall health.
- Particulate Matter (PM)
What is it?
Particulate matter, commonly referred to as PM, consists of tiny particles and droplets in the air. PM is categorized by size—PM10 (particles 10 micrometers or smaller) and PM2.5 (particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller)—both of which can be inhaled deeply into the lungs.
Health Impacts
Because of their small size, PM2.5 particles can penetrate the respiratory system, enter the bloodstream, and affect organs, increasing the risk of conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart disease. Long-term exposure to high levels of PM is also associated with increased risks of lung cancer and decreased lung function, especially in children and the elderly.
Sources of PM
Common sources of PM include aerosols, fumes, dust, ash, pollen, wildfires, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, sand storms and even household activities like cooking and smoking
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
What is it?
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
Health Impacts
Even in low amounts, carbon monoxide exposure can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, confusion, and fatigue. At higher levels, CO can be life-threatening, the gas molecules replace oxygen in the body, leading to poisoning. Long-term exposure to lower levels can exacerbate heart disease, particularly for those with preexisting cardiovascular conditions. CO is lighter than air and can move freely throughout a home or cottage.
Sources of CO
Sources of CO include motor vehicles, gas stoves, fireplaces, and improperly ventilated appliances. Indoor exposure can be a significant risk, especially in colder months when homes are sealed tightly, trapping CO indoors.
- Ozone (O3)
What is it?
Ozone is a highly reactive gas and a major component of urban smog. Unlike the ozone layer high in the atmosphere, which protects us from UV radiation, ground-level ozone is harmful to human health.
Health Impacts
Exposure to ozone can cause coughing, throat irritation, and inflammation of the airways. It’s especially harmful to those with asthma or respiratory illnesses, as it exacerbates symptoms and can lead to decreased lung function. Long-term exposure has been linked to increased rates of respiratory infections, asthma, and decreased lung capacity.
Sources of O3
Ozone forms when pollutants from vehicles, industrial plants, and other sources react in sunlight. It is particularly prevalent in urban areas, especially during warm months.
- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
What is it?
Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a characteristic sharp, biting odor. It is one of a group of gases known as nitrogen oxides (NOx), which contribute to smog and acid rain.
Health Impacts
Short-term exposure to NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infection. Sensitivity increases for people with asthma and bronchitis. Long-term exposure has been linked to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, decreased lung growth in children, and higher risk of asthma and allergies.
Sources of NO2
Trucks, buses, and cars are the largest sources of NO2 emissions. Indoors, it can come from gas stoves, space heaters, and smoking, especially in poorly ventilated spaces.
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
What is it?
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. It is part of a larger group of sulfur oxides (SOx).
Health Impacts
SO2 can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. In people with asthma, even brief exposure can cause severe respiratory symptoms. Long-term exposure has been linked to the development of chronic respiratory illnesses and can worsen existing heart and lung conditions.
Sources of SO2
The primary sources of SO2 are fossil fuel combustion at power plants and other industrial processes. Volcanic eruptions also release significant amounts of SO2, which can impact air quality and visibility even far from the source.
How Airpura Helps Combat These Airborne Threats
At Airpura, we’ve designed our air purifiers to address a broad spectrum of pollutants, including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and gases like CO, NO2, and SO2. By investing in multi-stage filtration systems with HEPA(H14), carbon(18lbs-26lbs), and UV filtration(non ozone emitting), we’re able to capture even the smallest particles and neutralize harmful gases and odors. Our goal is to create healthier indoor spaces that protect you and your family from the harmful effects of these pollutants.
By understanding the risks of pollutants like PM, CO, O3, NO2, and SO2—and taking action to reduce our exposure—we can build healthier, safer spaces for ourselves and future generations.
Take the First Step Towards Cleaner Air!
Invest in an Airpura air purifier to protect your home from these common airborne threats and experience the difference of breathing clean, healthy air.
Explore our range of air purifiers today at www.airpura.com and take the first step towards a healthier, cleaner indoor environment.
References:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carbon-monoxide/symptoms-causes/syc-20370642
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892600/
https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/what-makes-air-unhealthy/nitrogen-dioxide
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138707/
https://www.epa.gov/ozone-pollution-and-your-patients-health/what-ozone
https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics